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In recent years, with the continuous development of new energy vehicles, sensors have played a crucial role in the electronic regulation systems of these vehicles. Below is an introduction to the main types of sensors used:
Current sensors are primarily used in the battery management systems, motor control drives, and on-board power supplies of new energy vehicles. They can accurately manage batteries by monitoring charging and discharging currents, thus improving battery efficiency. Open-loop current sensors use the principle of electromagnetic induction to provide overcurrent protection for AC current signals under isolated conditions, and can easily achieve switch output.
For example, current sensors can detect the charging and discharging currents of the car battery, using open-loop current sensors based on electromagnetic induction to provide overcurrent protection, thereby improving battery efficiency. Additionally, current sensors can collect real-time data on the voltage and temperature of each battery in the power battery pack, as well as the total voltage of the battery pack, preventing overcharging or over-discharging.
Pressure sensors play a critical role in automotive safety management systems. They are not only used to regulate airbags but are also important components in battery management systems and brake assist systems. In brake assist systems, pressure sensors detect vacuum levels, while in battery management systems, they monitor battery pack pressure to provide thermal runaway warnings.
Speed sensors are essential in the power systems of new energy vehicles, measuring key parameters such as motor speed and vehicle speed. These sensors are widely used to measure the rotational speed of car motors and the speed of the vehicle itself, making them one of the most commonly used sensors in automobiles.
Acceleration sensors are primarily used in vehicle body control, safety systems, and navigation systems. They are found in systems such as airbags, anti-lock braking systems (ABS), electronic stability programs (ESP), and electronically controlled suspension systems.
Angular velocity sensors measure the angular velocity of objects by sensing the force of rotation around an axis. Commonly used in fields like aerospace, automotive, and robotics, they help monitor and control the rotational state of objects, enabling precise attitude control and motion measurement. These sensors come in various types, including gyroscopes, photoelectric sensors, and capacitive sensors. In the context of new energy vehicles, angular velocity sensors and accelerometers work together in inertial navigation systems, significantly influencing the system's accuracy.
Environmental perception sensors, often referred to as the "eyes" of a vehicle, are crucial for implementing driver assistance functions. These include on-board camera image sensors, ultrasonic sensors, millimeter-wave radar, and LiDAR. These sensors can monitor various substances in new energy vehicles, such as particulate matter (PM), temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOC), ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide (CO), enhancing the vehicle's intelligence, safety, and comfort.
Gas sensors monitor multiple substances in new energy vehicles, such as PM, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, VOC, ammonia, hydrogen, and CO. They increase the intelligence of the vehicle and improve safety and comfort for passengers.
Temperature sensors in new energy vehicles include battery temperature sensors, motor temperature sensors, and battery cooling system temperature sensors. The demand for these types of sensors has seen explosive growth. The future trend is towards sensor fusion, where advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) combine different types of sensors, driving the development of the sensor market. As smart cars become more widespread, the ADAS market will experience significant growth.
In summary, these are the eight most commonly used sensors in new energy vehicles, each playing a vital role in various systems of the car. Additionally, on-board chargers (OBC) and on-board DC/DC converters are also indispensable components of new energy vehicles.
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